Ngo-10 BC, umakhi wasendulo ongumRoma uVitruvius wachaza umshini ophakamisayo encwadini yakhe yezakhiwo.Lo mshini unensika, ingaphezulu lensika ifakwe i-pulley, indawo yensika ilungiswa ngentambo yokudonsa, futhi ikhebula elidlula ku-pulley lidonswa ngewintshi ukuze liphakamise izinto ezinzima.
Ngekhulu le-15, i-Italy yasungula i-jib crane ukuze ixazulule le nkinga.I-crane ine-cantilever ethambekele ene-pulley phezulu kwengalo, engaphakanyiswa futhi ijikelezwe.
Maphakathi nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, ngemva kokuba i-watt ithuthukisiwe futhi yasungula injini ye-steam, wanikeza izimo zamandla zokuphakamisa imishini.Ngo-1805, unjiniyela waseGlen uLenny wakha iqoqo lokuqala lama-steam cranes esikhumulweni semikhumbi saseLondon.Ngo-1846, u-Armstrong waseNgilandi washintsha i-steam crane ethekwini laseNewcastle yaba ukhreni we-hydraulic.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-cranes ombhoshongo ayesetshenziswa eYurophu.
I-crane ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa indlela yokuphakamisa, indlela yokusebenza, indlela yokugcoba, indlela yokubulala kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi.I-Lifting mechanism iwumshini oyisisekelo wokusebenza we-crane, iningi lawo elakhiwe ngohlelo lokumiswa kanye ne-winch, kanye nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo ngohlelo lwe-hydraulic.
Indlela yokusebenza isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa izinto ezisindayo ngobude noma ngokuvundlile noma ukulungisa indawo yokusebenza ye-crane.Ngokuvamile yakhiwa injini, i-reducer, ibhuleki kanye nesondo.I-luffing mechanism ifakwe ku-jib crane kuphela.I-amplitude iyancipha lapho i-jib iphakanyiswa futhi iyanda lapho yehliswa.Ihlukaniswe i-luffing elinganiselayo kanye ne-luffing engalingani.I-slewing mechanism isetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa i-boom futhi yakhiwe idivayisi yokushayela kanye nensimbi yokuthwala.Isakhiwo sensimbi siwuhlaka lwe-crane.Izingxenye ezithwalayo eziyinhloko ezifana nebhuloho, i-boom kanye ne-gantry ingaba isakhiwo sebhokisi, isakhiwo se-truss noma isakhiwo sewebhu, kanti ezinye zingasebenzisa insimbi yesigaba njengensimbi esekelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-30-2021